If clause type I

* If Mr. Siswoyo comes, I will study with him. (Probably he comes).
* If it rains, the children can play at home. (Probably it rains).

If I have a lot of leisure time, I will spend it with my family.

If we don't eat and drink enough, we will die.

Conjunction

I. Coordinating Conjunction (menggabungkan compound sentence)

1. And ( I go to Pandaan and buy souvenirs).
2. But ( I study in E.S but my son doesn't study here).
3. Or ( Please send message or call her).
4. For ( I can't go, for I don't have any time) => karena.
5. So ( Come closer, so I can see you).
6. Yet (She is talkactive, yet she is a nice person). meskipun begitu.

II. Conjunction Adverb

1. however (akan tetapi).
2. otherwise (kalau tidak ). I must study hard, otherwise I will fail in the exam.
3. therefore (oleh karena itu)
4. besides (lagipula)
5. nevertheless (namun).
6. thus (jadi)
7. consequently (maka dari itu)
8. furthermore (selanjutnya).
9. accordingly (jadi, maka)
10. moreover (selain itu).

III. Correlative Conjunction

1. Not only ... but also ....
2. Either .... or ....
3. Neither .... nor ....
4. Both .... and ....

IV. Subordinate Conjunction

1. After
2. As soon as (segera setelah).
3. As if (seolah-olah). He wears an expensive clotes as if he is rich.
4. Because.
5. Before
6. If
7. in order that (agar supaya).
8. provided (asalkan).
9. since (karena)
10. so that (supaya). I save my money so that I can buy a car.
11. eventhouh / although = meskipun , walaupun. Although  I am sick, I go to school.
12. until
13. when (bilamana)
14. whether (apakah). I don't know whether you are sick or no.
15. while (sementara).
16. as (ketika)
17. whereas (sedangkan). Ali is lazy whereas his sister is very diligent.
18. in case (jika seandainya).
19. on the other hand (sebaliknya)
20. anyhow (namun demikian)
21. as far as (sepanjang).
22. as long as (selama)
23. in spite of (walaupun).
24. so ... that .... (terlalu ... sehingga). The test is so difficult that all students can't.

Notes :
Because of .
I come here because of you. (menggunakan of karena kalimat setelahnya bukan kalimat complete).
I come here because you study here.

Jika ada kalimat yang mendahului.
Do you know where he lives ? Setelah where tidak perlu kata bantu do.

Before he slept, he brushed his teeth.
Pemborosan subject jadi bisa di reduce.
Before sleeping he brushed his teeth.

Habitual Past - Kebiasaan dimasa lalu

(+) S + used to + V1
Ex : She used to stay in a dormitory. (Now she doesn't stay in dormitory)

(-) S + didn't + use to + V1
I didn't use to cheat.

(?) Did + S + use to + V1 ?
Did you use to escape from the class?

Ex : Nominal
He used to be a scapegoat. Dia terbiasa mengambinghitamkan.

I used to put aside my lesson. Saya terbiasa mengesampingkan pelajaran saya.


1. Used to + V1 = habitual past

2. Mulai terbiasa
> get used to + V-ing
> get accustomed to + V-ing

3. Terbiasa
> be (to be) + used to + V-ing
> be + accustomerd to + V-ing

Ex :
1.
They used to get up late. [now they get up early]
I get used to staying in cold climate.
I'm used to speaking English.

I'm used to it. Saya terbiasa.

2.
(+) I get used to staying in cold climate.
(-) I don't get used to staying.
(?) Do you get used to staying ?

3.
I'm used to staying alone.
I'm not used to staying alone.
Are you used to staying alone?

Present Perfect Tense

Pattern
(Verbal Sentences)

(+) S + have/has + V3 + O/C
(-) S + have/has + not + V3 + O/C
(?) Have/has + S +  V3 + O/C ?
Yes, S + have/has
No, S + have/has + not

Example :
(+) I have studied at ES since 1 year ago.
(-) I haven't studied at ES since 1 year ago.
(?) Have I studied at ES since 1 yeas ago?
Yes, I have
No, I haven't

Nominal Sentence
(+) S + have/has +been + O/C
(-) S + have/has + not + been + O/C
(?) Have/has + S + been + O/C?

Example :
(+) I have been at home since 2 hours ago.
(-) I haven't been at home since 2 hours ago.
(?) Have you been at home since 2 hours ago?
Yes, I have
No, I haven't

> Apakah kamu belum makan ?
Haven't you eaten breakfast yet?
Yes, I have
No, I haven't

>Apakah kamu sudah mandi ?
Have you already taken a bath?

Exercise :
1. Saya sudah menunggu mereka sejak 2 tahun yang lalu.
I have waited for them since 2 years ago.
2. Kami belum menyelesaikan tugas kami.
We haven't finished our duty.
3. Apakah mereka sudah sampai di rumah?
Have they arrived at home?
4. Dia[lk] sudah lulus dari kampusnya.
He has graduated from his collage.
5. Mereka belum menyiapkan makan malam.
They haven't prepared for dinner.