Modal Auxiliaries

Auxiliary  ( Kata Kerja Bantu)

>> To do -- do, does, did
>> To be -- am,is,are,was,were
>> To have -- have / has, has.
>> Modal -- can, may, must, have to.

Modal Auxiliary

Modal                            Other Form         Function
1. Can - present (bisa)     Be able to            - Ability (kemampuan)
     Could - past                                           - Possibility

Example :
I can speak English well.
I am able to speak English Well.
I Could count until 10 when I was kindergarden student.
I was able to count until 10 when I was kindergarden student.

2. May - present            be allowed to          - Permisiion
    Might  - past                                             - Possibility

Example :
I may go out at night.
I am allowed to go out at night.
I think, i can be a president.
              can be >> bisa jadi.
possibility >> kemungkinan

He might be successful if he is a hard worker.

You may not eat cake to much, otherwise you will get toothache.

3. Must - Present             have/has to               - Obligation
    nothing - Past               had to                       - conclusion.

I must study hard.
I have to come on time.
I had to work overtime yesterday.

Must >> keharusan yang kita buat sendiri

I have to book in advance before studying.

have to : keharusan yang di paksakan orang lain.

Mr Elvani has lived in America for 10 years.
He must speak English well. (conclusion).
must >> pasti.

+) I must study hard.
-) I must not study hard.
?) Must I study hard?

have to
+) I have to be disiplin if I want to be successful.
-) I don't have to be disiplin if I want to be successful.
?) Do I have to be disiplin if I want to be successful?

You have to study, if you want to pass the exam.

You have to knock the door before you enter the house.

4. Should      Ought to     - sebaiknya.

My friend is sick, I should visit him.
You should give tissue, if your friend cry.

I ought to visit him.

ought to : sebaiknya

5. Will        past : would    function : future activity
shall        past : -     function : futute activity

I will go to Bali next week.
will : untuk semua subject
shall : I, we
would : lampau

would : penawaran
could : minta bantuan

Actually yesterday I would study but unfortunaly I had a guest.

had better : saran yg lebih kuat, paling tidak ada konsekuensinya.

You had better pay on time, otherwise you will get finalty.

Setelah modal harus verb I